Blurry Vision
Don’t buy new glasses as soon as you notice that things look blurry. It could just be a small problem caused by high blood sugar. Your lens could swell, which changes your ability to see.
To correct it, you need to get your blood sugar back into the target range (70-130 milligrams per deciliter, or mg/dL, before meals, and less than 180 mg/dL 1 to 2 hours after a meal). It may take as long as 3 months for your vision to fully get back to normal.
Do tell your eye doctor. They can let you know if this is a symptom of a more serious problem.
Cataracts
The natural internal lens of your eye allows your eye to see and focus on an image, just like a camera. When that lens gets cloudy, like a dirty or smudged window, that means a cataract has formed. Anyone can get them, but people with diabetes tend to get them earlier, and they get worse faster.
Glaucoma
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People with diabetes are more likely to have glaucoma, which can come in several forms or types.
Pressure builds up inside your eye when fluid can’t drain like it should. This can damage nerves and blood vessels, and cause changes in vision.
Medications can treat open-angle glaucoma, the most common form. They lower eye pressure, speed up drainage, and reduce the amount of liquid your eye makes. (Your doctor will call this aqueous humor.)
This type of glaucoma may not cause any symptoms until it’s further along and you have major vision loss. Your doctor can catch it earlier, during an annual exam.
- Headaches
- Eye aches or pain
- Blurred vision
- Watery eyes
- Halos around lights
- Vision loss
Diabetic Retinopathy
The retina is a group of cells on the back of your eye that take in light. They turn it into images that the optic nerve sends to your brain.
Damage to small blood vessels in your retina causes diabetic retinopathy. It’s related to high blood sugar levels. If you don’t find and treat it early, you could go blind. The longer you have diabetes, the more likely you are to get it. If you keep your blood sugar under control, you lower your chances.
Background retinopathy. Your blood vessels are damaged, but you can still see OK. It can get worse if you don’t manage your diabetes well.
The Need for Eye Exams
A full yearly checkup can help find problems early, when they’re easier to treat. That could save your vision.
If you might get pregnant in the near future, get an eye exam to avoid possible problems. Keep them up while you’re pregnant, too.
When to Call the Doctor
These symptoms can signal an emergency:
- Black spots in your vision
- Flashes of light
- “Holes” in your vision
- Blurred vision
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